Central Pennsylvania Mushroom Club

There is a new mushroom club in town!  This brainchild of many amateur mycologists in central PA has begun to take shape.  The second meeting of the club's organizing committee was held on February 21st and discussion engaged all members for several hours.  The committee includes enthusiasts of the collection, description, and consumption of mushrooms.  Some of the members have been doing so for decades and their applied knowledge combined with that of members holding or pursuing doctoral degrees in mycology makes this a well rounded group of individuals.  I am a member of this executive committee and am extremely excited to be part of such an interesting bunch of mycophiles (=mushroom lovers).  We are in the process of establishing a working constitution, assigning members to club activities, and designing a web presence for the club.  I will keep all of you up to date on this new mushroom club and provide links to the official website once it is established.  Stay tuned :)

Amanita Species Clarified Using ITS Region

Many weeks have been spent in the lab amplifying the DNA extracted from fungal specimens and sending off the PCR products for sequencing.  I switched to a new PCR kit, Taq-Pro Red Core Kit, manufactured by Denville Scientific, Inc.  The results have been promising, with amplifications of the ITS region using primer set ITS5 and ITS4 reaching an average of nearly 70 percent.  This is quite an increase from the average amplification of 30-60 percent for the same ITS region using stock solutions and the same primer set.  The sequence results of 60 specimens from the Hartley Wood collection have been edited using Sequencher v4.8 and a BLAST search performed.  One interesting sequence helped  clarify a pure white Amanita species originally identified by me as Amanita sp. cf. virosa.  The sequence data indicated that this specimen was A. bisporigera, with a 99 percent maximum identity match. The image to the right was taken of A. bisporigera in the field and the image below is a micrograph of the 10x10 micrometer spores.  The sequence result brought up the question of how often this deadly poisonous mushroom is misidentified in the field.  It would be interesting to sample across the numerous vouchers collected from area forays and determine how often this mistake has occurred.

Interesting Xylariaceae Found

During a collection event in June 2009, I came across a very interesting resupinate fungus.  The fruiting body was spreading across the barkless surface of a large downed tree.  I had seen many resupinate fruiting structures during my two years of research, however the gray center and white colored margin of this fungus caught my eyes from nearly ten meters away.  Upon closer examination, this fungus appeared to be in a state of active growth.  Later, this observation would be confirmed with images and descriptions of the lifecycle of this fungus provided through multiple resources.  You might be asking yourself what fungus I have been mentioning.  Kretzschmaria sp. cf. deusta  (Hoffm.) P.M.D. Martin is the proposed name for this collected specimen.  This species of fungus is common, but is often overlooked once the dark black stroma gives it's substrate a burnt appearance.  The fungus causes rot of trees and is often located at the base of infected trees.  Infected trees become quite brittle and should be monitored as they are prone to structural failure with little to no warning.  The upper right image was taken during the immature or actively growing state of this fungus.  The second image allows one to see the mature fruiting structure with the embedded perithecia creating a pimpling of the stroma surface.  A stereoscopic image of the stroma in cross section showcases the perithecia and the asci found within them.  A wet mount was prepared from tissues extracted from the opened perithecia and spores exhibiting classic Xylariaceae characteristics were observed.  The final image clearly shows the narrow, dark-brown to black spores.  The spore size was 32x8 micrometers with a smooth texture and central germ split.    DNA from the collected specimen will be extracted and amplified using PCR.  The PCR product will then be sequenced and this ITS sequence will be entered into a BLAST search to aid in its identification.  Keep an eye open for this very interesting fungus during your next hike through the forest.  Click on the title of this post to view other images of this fungus!